• Citation analysis can operate at paragraph or passage granularity rather than only at reference-list level. • Researchers can study where in an argument a source is cited, not just whether it is cited. • Quoted passages and exact citation contexts can be retained as evidence for bibliometric analysis. • Concept and time metadata can support research into how terminology and ideas move between publications. • Stable element identity enables longitudinal analysis across corrected or revised editions. • Machine-readable structures reduce the amount of heuristic document parsing required before research can begin.