Outline of the main sections, using this letter as the sample data. Note that ‘¶’ indicates line break and is used to save space.
Wrapper
@{visual-meta-start} is always at the start of the Visual-Meta appendix, with @{visual-meta-end} at the end. Software is coded to therefore parse from the back of the document to look for @{visual-meta-end} to see if the document contains Visual-Meta
Header
The header introduces the basic information:
@{visual-meta-header-start}
@visual-meta{
version = {1.1},¶generator = {Author 11.6 (2128)},¶keywords = {},¶concepts = {},¶names = {},¶}
@{visual-meta-header-end}
Self Citation for how the document can be cited, in basic BibTeX format:
@{visual-meta-bibtex-self-citation-start}
@article{2026-01-03T22:43:38Z/FutureofTe,
Hegland-2026-01-03T22_43_36Z).visualmetaexport.json},¶}
author = {Frode Alexander Hegland},¶editor = {Frode Alexander Hegland},¶title = {Future of Text Pitch},¶filename = {January Project(Frode-Hegland-2026-01-03T22_43_36Z).pdf},¶month = {jan},¶year = {2026},¶institution = {The Augmented Text Company},¶vm-id = {2026-01-03T22:43:38Z/FutureofTe},¶JSON = {January Project(Frode-
@{visual-meta-bibtex-self-citation-end}
Citations
@{references-start}
@misc{https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.230001,
author = {Ashok Agarwal and Mohamed Arafa and Tomer Avidor-Reiss and Shah Rupin},¶title = {Citation Errors in Scientific Research and Publications: Causes, Consequences, and Remedies},¶journal = {The World Journal of Men’s Health},¶publisher = {XMLink},¶year = {2023},¶month = {3},¶era = {0},¶url = {https://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.230001},¶doi = {https://
doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.230001},¶issue = {3},¶pages = {461},¶pageRange = {461},¶quote = {Scientific research depends on the gathering of existing knowledge by collecting data from previous research and then building upon the collected data to design new research projects with the goal of answering unanswered scientific questions [1]. Therefore, proper citation of
previously published studies is an essential and integral part of conducting medical research. Citations are used to establish the current state of knowledge in the subject being studied, identify gaps in the literature, and explain and debate the results of ongoing research. This process requires proper identification and validation of the integrity of citations. Although it is recommended that the entire research paper is fully reviewed before being cited, it is a common experience that this is often not done, and it is reported that up to 80% of authors omit to read the full text of the research paper they are citing. This omission can perpetuate significant errors within an article in the literature and mislead the research being reported.},¶volume =
{41},¶}
@misc{roseHorowitch/TheEliteCo,
author = {Rose Horowitch},¶title = {The Elite College Students Who Can’t Read Books},¶abstract = {Nicholas Dames has taught Literature Humanities, Columbia University’s required great-books course, since 1998. He loves the job, but it has changed. Over the past decade, students have become overwhelmed by the reading. College kids have never read everything they’re assigned, of course, but this feels different. Dames’s students now seem bewildered by the thought of finishing multiple books a semester. His colleagues have noticed the same problem. Many students no longer arrive at college—even at highly selective, elite colleges—prepared to read books. This development puzzled Dames until one day during the fall 2022 semester, when a first-year student came to his office hours to share how challenging she had found the early assignments. Lit Hum often requires students to read a book, sometimes a very long and dense one, in just a week or two. But the student told Dames that, at her public high school, she had never been required to read an entire book. She had been assigned excerpts, poetry, and news articles, but not a single book cover to cover.},¶publication = {The Atlantic Monthly},¶publisher = {The Atlantic Monthly Group},¶year = {2024},¶month = {10},¶era = {0},¶url = {https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2024/11/the-elite-college-students-who-cant-read-books/679945/},¶}
@misc{garethLengRhodriLeng/Unintended,
author = {Gareth Leng and Rhodri Leng},¶title = {Unintended Consequences. The Perils of Publication and Citation Bias},¶era = {0},¶url = {https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/perils-of-publication-and-citation-bias/},¶}
@misc{10.1145/3483539,
author = {Vinton G. Cerf},¶title = {The future of text redux},¶publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)},¶year = {2021},¶month = {9},¶era = {0},¶url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3483539},¶doi = {10.1145/3483539},¶pages = {0},¶pageRange = {0},¶quote = {J.C.R. Licklider and Douglas Engelbart Two pioneers who foresaw non-numeric possibilities in networked computing far ahead of many others. Vannevar Bush and Ted Nelson, alongside Sir Tim Berners-Lee, who amplified these ideas with the invention of the World Wide Web, have contributed significantly to the evolution of information processing. Following in their footsteps is Frode Hegland, a protégé of
the late Douglas Engelbart, who has developed new tools for the production and interaction with text.},¶filename = {3483539.pdf},¶}
@book{barbaraTversky/MindinMoti,
author = {Barbara Tversky},¶title = {Mind in Motion},¶publisher = {Hachette},¶year = {2019},¶month = {5},¶era = {0},¶isbn = {0465093078},¶}
@{references-end}
Headings
@{document-headings-start}
@heading{
name = {Concern 1: Most Academic Text is Frozen and Non-Interactive},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {Approach to Solution 1: Parseable Appendices},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {Concern 2: Sharing of Knowledge ‘Sculptures’},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {Approach to Solution 2: Simple Knowledge Sculptures},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {The Overriding Concern: Paradigm Freeze},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {The Desired Result: Richer Knowledge Interactions},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {The Request: Collaboration},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {What I bring to the table: Proven Dedication & Insight},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {Specific Actions: Build in Experiments to Experience Knowledge Work in XR in Concert with Community using Open Means},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {This Document},¶level = {level2},¶}
@heading{
name = {Interactive PDF},¶level = {level3},¶}
@heading{
name = {XR},¶level = {level3},¶}
@heading{
name = {Audio},¶level = {level3},¶}
@heading{
name = {Glossary},¶level = {level1},¶showInFind = {false},¶}
@heading{
name = {Endnotes},¶level = {level1},¶}
@heading{
name = {References},¶level = {level1},¶}
@heading{
name = {Visual-Meta Appendix},¶level = {level1},¶}
@{document-headings-end}
Paratext list of items
@{paraText-start}
@paraText{
glossary = {Glossary},¶endnotes = {Endnotes},¶references = {References},¶visual-meta = {Visual-Meta Appendix},¶}
@{paraText-end}
Glossary
@{glossary-start}
@entry{
name = {ACM},¶tag = {Institution},¶description = {“The Association for Computing Machineryis an international learned society for computing founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in New York City. The ACM is a non-profit professional membership group, reporting nearly 110,000 student and professional members as of 2024.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery},¶}
@entry{
name = {Barbara Tversky},¶tag = {Person},¶description = {“is an American psychologist. She is a professor emerita of psychology at Stanford University and a professor of psychology and education at Teachers College, Columbia University.[3][4] She was also President of the Association for Psychological Science from 2018-2019.[5] Tversky specializes in cognitive
psychology.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Tversky#cite_note-5
Author of Mind in Motion. USA and Israel.},¶}
@entry{
name = {BibTeX},¶description = {“is both a bibliographic flat-file database file format and a software program for processing these files to produce lists of references (citations). The BibTeX file format is a widely used standard with broad support by reference management software.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX},¶}
@entry{
name = {Bruce Horn},¶tag = {Person},¶description = {“(born August 18, 1959) is an American software engineer. He created the original Macintosh Finder and the Macintosh Resource Manager for Apple Computer. His signature is molded into the case of the Macintosh 128K alongside the rest of the Macintosh development team. He has been a distinguished engineer with
Siri and Language Technologies at Apple since June 2022.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Horn},¶}
@entry{
name = {Dene Grigar},¶tag = {Person},¶description = {“is a digital artist and scholar based in Vancouver, Washington. She was the president of the Electronic Literature Organization from 2013 to 2019.[2] In 2016, Grigar received the International Digital Media and Arts Association’s Lifetime Achievement Award. As director of the Electronic Literature Lab at Washington
State University, Vancouver, Grigar collects, preserves, and analyzes digital media.”
PI with Frode Hegland and Co-PI for the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation grant on reading and authoring in XR.},¶}
@entry{
name = {Doug Engelbart},¶tag = {Person},¶description = {“(January 30, 1925 – July 2, 2013) was an American engineer, inventor, and a pioneer in many aspects of computer science. He is best known for his work on founding the field of human–computer interaction, particularly while at his Augmentation Research Center Lab in SRI International, which resulted in
creation of the computer mouse,[a] and the development of hypertext, networked computers, and precursors to graphical user interfaces. These were demonstrated at The Mother of All Demos in 1968. Engelbart’s law, the observation that the intrinsic rate of human performance is exponential, is named after him.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart USA.
Frode Hegland’s mentor. },¶}
@entry{
name = {Frode Hegland},¶tag = {Person},¶description = {Host of the Future of Text Symposium. Editor of The Future of Text series of books. Developer of Author and Reader. Developer of Visual-Meta. From Norway, lives in the UK. Born 1968.},¶}
@entry{
name = {Ismail Serageldin},¶tag = {Person},¶description = {“(born 1944 in Giza, Egypt), Founding Director of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (BA), the new Library of Alexandria, inaugurated in 2002, is currently, Emeritus Librarian, and member of the Board of Trustees of the Library of Alexandria. He serves as Chair or Member of a number of advisory committees for
academic, research, scientific and international institutions and civil society efforts”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Serageldin},¶}
@entry{
name = {Ken Perlin},¶tag = {Person},¶description = {academy award winning computer graphs pioneer and NYU professor. USA.},¶}
@entry{
name = {Visual-Meta},¶description = {Visual-Meta is an approach to augmenting documents in order to enable rich interactions in a robust manner. It was developed by Frode Hegland.
Visual-Meta is an approach to augmenting documents in order to enable rich interactions in a robust manner.},¶}
@{glossary-end}